Science Under Siege: America’s War on Knowledge

Gabrielle Birchak/ September 9, 2025/ Ancient History, Archive, Modern History

Right now, sci­ence in the Unit­ed States is under attack. It is not just being debat­ed, it is being attacked and dimin­ished at the hands of our cur­rent admin­is­tra­tion. False lies are being pro­mot­ed while igno­rance is being cel­e­brat­ed. And his­to­ry has shown us time and time again that when fac­tu­al infor­ma­tion and edu­ca­tion are dis­man­tled and pro­hib­it­ed, it leads to absolute con­trol of the mass­es by those in power. 

Today, I’m cov­er­ing cur­rent events in the Unit­ed States and con­nect­ing them with his­tor­i­cal events to set out red flags for the world to hear and see. As I’ve men­tioned before, his­to­ry shows us the red flags of dan­ger. And I’m a firm believ­er that we must heed our his­to­ries so that we are not doomed to repeat them. Because when pol­i­tics attempts to hin­der edu­ca­tion, it can kill science.

In the sixth cen­tu­ry, the Byzan­tine Emper­or Jus­tin­ian I ordered the clo­sure of Plato’s Acad­e­my in Athens. In the sev­en­teenth cen­tu­ry, the church accused Galileo Galilei of heresy and sen­tenced him to house arrest for his helio­cen­tric views, which held that the Earth and oth­er plan­ets orbit­ed the Sun. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the Sovi­et Union’s Lysenko­ism killed genet­ics in favor of polit­i­cal lies and ulti­mate­ly starved mil­lions. Truth has often been sup­pressed, lead­ing to the demise of devel­op­men­tal sci­ence. These his­tor­i­cal exam­ples show us that every time sci­ence was shack­led, soci­ety paid the price in famine, war, and stagnation.

Cur­rent­ly, in the Unit­ed States, uni­ver­si­ties are being sued, fund­ing is being removed, and inter­na­tion­al stu­dents are either being arrest­ed or forced to leave. Stu­dents show­ing up for school are watch­ing their par­ents be detained by masked, fake law enforce­ment referred to as Immi­gra­tion and Cus­toms Enforce­ment, known as ICE. Books are being banned across the coun­try. Fur­ther­more, recent fed­er­al health poli­cies have ter­mi­nat­ed fund­ing for mRNA vac­cines and fur­ther research, removed COVID-19 rec­om­men­da­tions, and can­celed flu-relat­ed meet­ings, there­by endan­ger­ing the health of Unit­ed States citizens.

And as we now fall under the sev­enth month of the cur­rent admin­is­tra­tion, sci­en­tists are either leav­ing or con­sid­er­ing leav­ing the coun­try. Accord­ing to The Guardian, Aix-Mar­seille Uni­ver­si­ty has opened a sci­en­tif­ic asy­lum pro­gram, which has drawn near­ly 300 appli­cants. Among those appli­cants, thir­ty-nine Amer­i­can schol­ars were short­list­ed. Among them is Bri­an Sand­berg, a pro­fes­sor of his­to­ry at North­ern Illi­nois Uni­ver­si­ty. In an inter­view with The Guardian, he states that Amer­i­can high­er edu­ca­tion is being tar­get­ed and is being destroyed.[1]

Academia Losing Funding

Doc­tor Sand­berg is cor­rect in his state­ment. And although the dam­age may be repara­ble, it will undoubt­ed­ly leave a trail of destruc­tion in its wake that could take up to a decade or more to restore.

As of the date of this record­ing, over fif­teen pub­lic and pri­vate uni­ver­si­ties across the coun­try are being sued and are under fed­er­al over­sight, includ­ing Brown Uni­ver­si­ty, Colum­bia Uni­ver­si­ty, Har­vard Uni­ver­si­ty, and Johns Hop­kins University.

Accord­ing to the Pub­lic Broad­cast­ing Sys­tem, our fed­er­al gov­ern­ment stripped Colum­bia Uni­ver­si­ty of $400 mil­lion in grants and con­tracts. With­out those funds, lab­o­ra­to­ries would go dark, grad­u­ate stu­dents would scat­ter, and the university’s place as a glob­al research pow­er­house would col­lapse. Columbia’s lead­ers faced a blunt choice: resist and risk insti­tu­tion­al ruin or com­ply and sur­vive under fed­er­al over­sight. When Colum­bia Uni­ver­si­ty agreed to a $220 mil­lion set­tle­ment with the Trump admin­is­tra­tion in 2025, it wasn’t framed as a sur­ren­der. Admin­is­tra­tors described it as a reaf­fir­ma­tion of aca­d­e­m­ic free­dom and a nec­es­sary com­pro­mise to main­tain the institution’s oper­a­tions. The set­tle­ment required Colum­bia to adopt the government’s def­i­n­i­tion of anti­semitism, sub­mit to fed­er­al mon­i­tor­ing, and dis­ci­pline its own stu­dents in ways aligned with White House priorities.

These moves by a gov­ern­ment feel unprece­dent­ed, but his­to­ry tells us oth­er­wise. Pow­er has always known how to con­trol knowledge.

In the sixth cen­tu­ry, Emper­or Jus­tin­ian I closed the Acad­e­my in Athens, not with sol­diers storm­ing class­rooms, but with a decree that cut off its lifeblood. The emper­or cut off the school’s fund­ing and pro­tec­tion, caus­ing philoso­phers to scat­ter into exile. Cen­turies of inquiry van­ished from the Byzan­tine world, includ­ing Hypatia’s teachings.

In nine­teenth-cen­tu­ry Rus­sia, Tsar Nicholas I did not need to burn books to weak­en uni­ver­si­ties. He con­trolled fund­ing, cen­sored pro­fes­sors, and demand­ed that edu­ca­tion serve “Ortho­doxy, Autoc­ra­cy, and Nation­al­i­ty.” The result was intel­lec­tu­al stag­na­tion and even­tu­al­ly, rebellion.

By Ajay Suresh from New York, NY, USA — Colum­bia Uni­ver­si­ty — Low Memo­r­i­al Library, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80081790

And in 2025, uni­ver­si­ties in the USA are learn­ing the same les­son: when rulers want to silence ideas, they rarely need to burn libraries. They sim­ply turn off the money.

His­to­ry shows us this bar­gain is always the same. When insti­tu­tions trade inde­pen­dence for sur­vival, they may save their bod­ies, but they sur­ren­der part of their soul.

And Colum­bia was not the only uni­ver­si­ty. Brown Uni­ver­si­ty and Har­vard also came under scruti­ny. Like Colom­bia, Brown Uni­ver­si­ty chose sur­vival mode and agreed to pay for Rhode Island work­force devel­op­men­tal pro­grams to restore the fund­ing. The price tag on that agree­ment was $50 mil­lion. But it wasn’t just the price tag that came with this agree­ment. Brown and Colum­bia also stat­ed they would pro­vide the admin­is­tra­tion with their admis­sions data as it relates to race and gen­der. Let that sink in. Race and gen­der. So, cur­rent poli­cies are affect­ingstu­dents of col­or and the LGBTQ+ community.

Har­vard, by con­trast, stood firm. In April 2025, the Trump admin­is­tra­tion froze more than $2 bil­lion in grants and con­tracts, with Edu­ca­tion Sec­re­tary Lin­da McMa­hon blunt­ly declar­ing that Har­vard would receive no future fed­er­al research fund­ing. [2] Har­vard imme­di­ate­ly launched a law­suit in fed­er­al court, argu­ing that the freeze and con­di­tions were uncon­sti­tu­tion­al coer­cion. Fur­ther­more, Harvard’s pres­i­dent Alan Gar­ber respond­ed force­ful­ly, stat­ing, “The Uni­ver­si­ty will not sur­ren­der its inde­pen­dence or relin­quish its con­sti­tu­tion­al rights.” [3] [4]

The pres­sure esca­lat­ed quick­ly. A joint fed­er­al task force moved to ter­mi­nate hun­dreds of mil­lions more in grants, includ­ing fund­ing for vital health research in can­cer, obe­si­ty, and neu­rode­gen­er­a­tive dis­ease. Rather than capit­u­late, Har­vard announced it would fun­nel $250 mil­lion of its own mon­ey to sus­tain research while lit­i­ga­tion con­tin­ued. It was a cost­ly but delib­er­ate bet on auton­o­my over accom­mo­da­tion. [5] [6]

Still, even as stu­dents, fac­ul­ty, and alum­ni urged resis­tance, reports sug­gest Har­vard is edg­ing toward a $500 mil­lion set­tle­ment that could impose gov­ern­ment over­sight. The bat­tle has become sym­bol­ic: a test of whether one of America’s most pow­er­ful uni­ver­si­ties can with­stand polit­i­cal extor­tion with­out sac­ri­fic­ing its soul.

Thus, the Unit­ed States gov­ern­ment under the new admin­is­tra­tion is pres­suringour uni­ver­si­ties, which in turn are dec­i­mat­ing our sci­en­tif­ic advancements.

And this is not the first time uni­ver­si­ties have been com­pro­mised or pres­sured by polit­i­cal forces. In the 1930s, Nazi Ger­many purged its uni­ver­si­ties of “Jew­ish sci­ence,” dri­ving out some of the great­est minds of the cen­tu­ry, like Albert Ein­stein, Lise Meit­ner, and James Franck, who car­ried their bril­liance to oth­er coun­tries. Ger­many, once the world’s sci­en­tif­ic pow­er­house, delib­er­ate­ly crip­pled its own future in ser­vice to ide­ol­o­gy. Three decades lat­er, Mao’s Cul­tur­al Rev­o­lu­tion gut­ted Chi­nese high­er edu­ca­tion, shut­tered schools, per­se­cut­ed pro­fes­sors, and scat­tered an entire gen­er­a­tion of stu­dents into the coun­try­side. Chi­na paid for that lost decade of knowl­edge with stalled progress that would take years to recover.

So, when we look at Columbia’s capit­u­la­tion, Brown’s com­pro­mise, and Harvard’s pre­car­i­ous resis­tance, we should hear echoes of that same his­tor­i­cal rhythm. The meth­ods and the results are always the same, and ulti­mate­ly, knowl­edge is throt­tled, inno­va­tion slows down, and a soci­ety that once thrived on dis­cov­ery finds itself gasp­ing for air. History’s ver­dict is clear: when gov­ern­ments extort their uni­ver­si­ties, they may silence dis­sent for sev­er­al years, but they impov­er­ish the nation for gen­er­a­tions to come.

And what is the endgame in all of this? Ulti­mate­ly, the cur­ricu­lum will be rewrit­ten to fit the ide­olo­gies of cen­tral­ized authority.

Curriculum Rewritten to Fit Ideology

Uni­ver­si­ties are where evi­dence is made; schools are where it is taught. When rulers can­not silence the labs out­right, they move to rewrite the les­son plans. This is not new; it is one of the old­est plays in the book of authoritarianism.

The destruc­tion of books dates back to 213 BCE, when the first emper­or of Chi­na, Qin Shi Huang, fol­low­ing the rec­om­men­da­tion of his chief advis­er, Li Si, ordered that all his­tor­i­cal texts be destroyed so that schol­ars would not be able to com­pare his reign to that of pre­vi­ous kings.[7]  In 391 CE, in Alexan­dria, Egypt, when Hypa­tia was flour­ish­ing as a pro­fes­sor,  Pope Theophilus ordered the destruc­tion of the Ser­apeum and its library. His intent was to lim­it access to infor­ma­tion to the pagans of the city. [8]

We know where this goes. We’ve seen it before. And this year, in Jan­u­ary 2025, the White House re-estab­lished the 1776 Com­mis­sion. It launched an order framed as “end­ing rad­i­cal indoc­tri­na­tion in Kinder­garten through twelfth grade,” a move designed to steer his­to­ry and civics toward a state-sanc­tioned “patri­ot­ic” nar­ra­tive. At the same time, the Depart­ment of Edu­ca­tion announced actions to elim­i­nate lan­guage and pro­grams across its foot­print that address diver­si­ty, equi­ty, and inclu­sion. These are also known as DEI pro­grams. This mes­sage indi­cates which types of con­tent and train­ing will be favored or frozen. These are levers on what appears in class­rooms, who trains teach­ers, and what mate­ri­als dis­tricts feel safe adopt­ing.[9]

Fur­ther­more, as I write this dur­ing the week of August 18, 2025, the U.S. Depart­ment of Edu­ca­tion qui­et­ly rescind­ed fed­er­al guid­ance that had long required schools to pro­vide strong bilin­gual and Eng­lish learn­er pro­grams, effec­tive­ly strip­ping pro­tec­tions for near­ly five mil­lion stu­dents. The move was accom­pa­nied by sig­nif­i­cant staff cuts to the Office of Eng­lish Lan­guage Acqui­si­tion and sig­nals a shift toward an Eng­lish-only pol­i­cy, despite America’s mul­ti­lin­gual real­i­ty. Advo­cates warn that with­out fed­er­al over­sight or fund­ing, dis­tricts may reduce or aban­don bilin­gual edu­ca­tion alto­geth­er, leav­ing immi­grant and mul­ti­lin­gual stu­dents at a stark dis­ad­van­tage.[10]

The pat­tern repeats across cen­turies. In ear­ly mod­ern Europe, the Catholic Church’s Index of For­bid­den Books con­strained what could be print­ed and read, shap­ing cur­ric­u­la in Catholic uni­ver­si­ties for gen­er­a­tions. When the index says a text is off-lim­its, cours­es qui­et­ly stop assign­ing it, and self-cen­sor­ship becomes policy.

March­ing civil­ians, alligned mem­bers of the Nazi Par­ty’s “book bon­fire”, in Berlin on May 10, 1933, where unwant­ed books and pub­li­ca­tions were burned as a Nazi pro­pa­gan­da event. By Uniden­ti­fied (unknown, uncred­it­ed or anony­mous) photographer.Photo agency: Key­stone View Com­pa­ny Berlin SW 68 Zim­mer­strasse 29 — Nation­al Dig­i­tal Archives, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=147749707

In 1930s Nazi Ger­many, the Hitler regime rewrote text­books to enshrine racial ide­ol­o­gy. Biol­o­gy became eugen­ics, his­to­ry glo­ri­fied des­tiny, and lit­er­a­ture purged “unde­sir­able” authors. The Nazi mis­sion was not edu­ca­tion; it was for­ma­tion.[11] Like­wise, the Her­itage Foundation’s ide­o­log­i­cal reach extends beyond pol­i­cy papers and into the class­room through struc­tured fel­low­ship pro­grams. Its Her­itage Acad­e­my Fel­low­ship, for exam­ple, is mar­ket­ed as an eight-week course in “America’s found­ing prin­ci­ples” and pub­lic pol­i­cy. Still, crit­ics note that the cur­ricu­lum empha­sizes Heritage’s con­ser­v­a­tive world­view and trains par­tic­i­pants to car­ry that per­spec­tive into their aca­d­e­m­ic and pro­fes­sion­al lives. By pair­ing fel­lows with Her­itage schol­ars and pol­i­cy experts, the pro­gram oper­ates less as a neu­tral edu­ca­tion­al insti­tu­tion and more as an ide­o­log­i­cal pipeline that shapes the next gen­er­a­tion of con­ser­v­a­tive lead­ers.[12]

Lis­ten for the rhyme today. In April 2025, the White House issued an accred­i­ta­tion order promis­ing to hold accred­i­tors “account­able” for “ide­o­log­i­cal over­reach.” This bureau­crat­ic lan­guage grants polit­i­cal appointees new influ­ence over what con­sti­tutes accept­able pro­grams and learn­ing out­comes, so that when accred­i­tors change, the syl­labi fol­low. [13]

Cur­ricu­lum con­trol also aris­es from tar­get­ing who gets to teach and what sup­port they can uti­lize. Recent fed­er­alorders against Diver­si­ty, Equi­ty, and Inclu­sion, known as DEI, have moved from slo­gans to enforce­ment. The U.S. Edu­ca­tion Depart­ment is now tar­get­ing the DEI prac­tices in uni­ver­si­ties. It is mak­ing pub­lic demands for pol­i­cy rewrites and manda­to­ry “cor­rec­tions.” And lit­er­al­ly as I write this, the Depart­ment of Edu­ca­tion announced today that George Mason Uni­ver­si­ty vio­lat­ed Title VI of the Civ­il Rights Act of 1964 by ille­gal­ly using diver­si­ty, equi­ty, and inclu­sion prac­tices. Thus, the aca­d­e­m­ic prac­tices of accept­ing diver­si­ty, imple­ment­ing equi­ty, and embrac­ing inclu­sion are now ille­gal in the Unit­ed States.[14]

Fur­ther­more, author­i­tar­i­an cur­ricu­lum-mak­ing extends beyond the human­i­ties. In the 1930s Sovi­et Union, Sovi­et biol­o­gist Trofim Lysenko, with the help of Sovi­et gov­er­nance, replaced genet­ics with an ide­ol­o­gy-com­pli­ant pseu­do­science known as Lysenko­ism. Stu­dents learned false biol­o­gy, and as a result, farms and lives paid the price. When pol­i­tics dic­tates the answers, sci­ence class becomes a loy­al­ty oath.[15]

We can hear the echo in U.S. research pol­i­cy. In August 2025, the Supreme Court allowed the admin­is­tra­tion to pro­ceed, at least for now, with ter­mi­nat­ing hun­dreds of U.S. Nation­al Insti­tutes of Health grants it linked to DEI, after a vol­ley of exec­u­tive orders. Fur­ther­more, as of this month, the pres­i­dent has imple­ment­ed new pro­ce­dures for his senior appointees. These meth­ods include award­ing and deny­ing fed­er­al grants at the dis­cre­tion of polit­i­cal author­i­ties. Under recent exec­u­tive orders, they will review award­ed grants and even ter­mi­nate exist­ing grants as they see fit. As a result, our new gov­ern­ment rule is demand­ing that pol­i­tics usurp peer review. The cur­rent method of our new admin­is­tra­tion is to starve the inquiry it dis­likes, then call the result­ing silence “bal­ance.” The shift does not stay in the lab; it flows down­stream into syl­labi, majors, and which cours­es can still be offered.

This his­tor­i­cal red flag is this: Gov­ern­ments rebrand cen­sor­ship as “patri­ot­ic edu­ca­tion,” recast inclu­sion as “unlaw­ful dis­crim­i­na­tion,” and pres­sure accred­i­tors to police “ide­ol­o­gy.” It’s a three-step process: inves­ti­gate, freeze, and ter­mi­nate until fac­ul­ty mem­bers learn which cours­es are most prone to trou­ble. Though it may not be a bon­fire of books, it is a ther­mo­stat, turned low enough that entire sub­jects fall dor­mant. The syl­labus is not a stack of pages; it is a map of what a soci­ety per­mits itself to know.

This par­tic­u­lar red flag in his­to­ry has warned us that once a state claims pow­er over what can be taught, recov­ery will take years, even after poli­cies change. In Ger­many, the denaz­i­fi­ca­tion of the coun­try took decades. The social heal­ing process is long-term. Sad­ly, the Unit­ed States is in for a long, uncom­fort­able, dan­ger­ous ride.

Next, we fol­low that map into the class­room: where “bal­anced per­spec­tives” become false equiv­a­lence, where a unit on cli­mate or race can be rewrit­ten by press release, and where the cost of polit­i­cal com­fort is mea­sured in what stu­dents nev­er learn.

Uni­ver­si­ties are the engines of evi­dence. When a gov­ern­ing body throt­tles them, one of the first smokes from the hood is cli­mate sci­ence. The same levers that include fund­ing freezes, polit­i­cal lit­mus tests, and man­u­fac­tured “bal­ance” now tar­get the labs that track heat, mod­el storms, and mea­sure smoke in our lungs.

The Silencing

Cli­mate sci­en­tists are being silenced not by a sin­gle gag order, but by a web of pol­i­cy moves that remove the tools, erase the data, and pun­ish the peo­ple who pro­duce it. In August, the admin­is­tra­tion rolled back sci­en­tif­ic-integri­ty pro­tec­tions at the Envi­ron­men­tal Pro­tec­tion Agency, known as the EPA. The Nation­al Ocean­ic and Atmos­pher­ic Admin­is­tra­tion, known as the NOAA, is revert­ing to weak­er, pre-2021 rules and scrub­bing strength­ened lan­guage from agency sites, mak­ing it eas­i­er for polit­i­cal appointees to med­dle with research and researchers.[16]

The mon­ey and mis­sions that make cli­mate facts vis­i­ble are being tar­get­ed next. A July bud­get blue­print zeros out fed­er­al cli­mate-research lines for Fis­cal Year 2026, send­ing agen­cies a clear sig­nal to freeze projects now. At the EPA, the gov­ern­ment has moved to dis­man­tle the Office of Research and Devel­op­ment while cut­ting over­all staff, kneecap­ping the agency’s inter­nal sci­ence bench. At NASA, the White House has moved to end the Orbit­ing Car­bon Obser­va­to­ry mis­sions (OCO‑2 and OCO‑3), our most pre­cise, space-based mea­sures of atmos­pher­ic CO₂, remov­ing a cor­ner­stone of glob­al car­bon mon­i­tor­ing.[17]  

Silenc­ing also hap­pens by delet­ing the record. In July, reporters doc­u­ment­ed that the Nation­al Cli­mate Assess­ment por­tal went dark, its sup­port con­tract was can­celed, and hun­dreds of NCA con­trib­u­tors were dis­missed, gut­ting the con­gres­sion­al­ly man­dat­ed assessment’s pub­lic pres­ence even as out­side archives tried to keep the reports avail­able.[18] The gov­er­nance has like­wise made key cli­mate reports hard­er to find, bury­ing or remov­ing gov­ern­ment web pages that pre­vi­ous­ly cen­tral­ized datasets and region­al impact summaries.

Step back and the pat­tern is unmis­tak­able: weak­en integri­ty rules so inter­fer­ence is eas­i­er; defund or can­cel the satel­lites and labs that gen­er­ate incon­ve­nient mea­sure­ments; delete or hide the pub­lic por­tals that let com­mu­ni­ties, jour­nal­ists, and plan­ners see the num­bers. That is not debate. It is an act of sab­o­tage against the sci­en­tif­ic sys­tem itself. The result is few­er mea­sure­ments, few­er mod­els, few­er pub­lic datasets, and few­er sci­en­tists left in gov­ern­ment to speak plain­ly about ris­ing risks.

If a gov­ern­ment dis­man­tles sci­en­tif­ic integri­ty, can­cels car­bon-mon­i­tor­ing satel­lites, and pulls the plug on the Nation­al Cli­mate Assess­ment, it doesn’t just change the nar­ra­tive; it blinds the coun­try. That blind­ness doesn’t make heat waves cool­er or wild­fires slow­er. It only makes us slow­er to see them coming.

In the end, this isn’t a dis­pute over facts; it’s a strug­gle over pow­er. The win­ners of delay, fos­sil-fuel incum­bents, their polit­i­cal patrons, and the media machines they bankroll, prof­it now from every paused satel­lite, every mut­ed report, and every sci­en­tist pushed to the mar­gins. Short elec­tion cycles reward offi­cials who trade long-term safe­ty for near-term optics. At the same time, cul­ture-war nar­ra­tives recast basic mea­sure­ments as par­ti­san heresy to keep coali­tions loy­al and doubt alive. Sunk costs and cap­tive reg­u­la­tors lock in yesterday’s infra­struc­ture, so that “bal­ance” becomes the sto­ry and silence becomes the pol­i­cy. And a steady driz­zle of dis­in­for­ma­tion turns uncer­tain­ty into a busi­ness mod­el, buy­ing time for the sta­tus quo while the cli­mate clock runs down. That is why the tools are being stripped. The data erased: not because the sci­ence is weak, but because the peo­ple who prof­it today are strong, and the sto­ries that pro­tect their pow­er are loud­er, for now, than the alarms sci­en­tists are try­ing to sound.

The Endangering of Health Experts

 And when sci­en­tif­ic research becomes an area that is entire­ly in dan­ger of being oblit­er­at­ed, the health­care sys­tem is soon to fol­low, which could ulti­mate­ly affect the world. On August 15, 2025, gun­fire rang out at the Cen­ters for Dis­ease Con­trol and Pre­ven­tion in Atlanta, Geor­gia. The shoot­er, a 42-year-old man, had con­vinced him­self that the hard­ships in his life stemmed from receiv­ing a COVID-19 vac­cine years ear­li­er. In his delu­sion, he decid­ed that the sci­en­tists who stud­ied pub­lic health were his ene­mies. He entered the head­quar­ters armed, and when the vio­lence end­ed, Offi­cer David Rose had been killed.

This was not ran­dom. Inves­ti­ga­tors found social media posts where the gun­man par­rot­ed anti-vac­cine talk­ing points cir­cu­lat­ing online, many echoed by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the cur­rent head of Health and Human Ser­vices (HHS). In the days after the shoot­ing, more than 750 HHS employ­ees signed a let­ter beg­ging Kennedy to stop spread­ing false­hoods about vac­cines and pub­lic health mea­sures. Their plea was straight­for­ward. They told him that his rhetoric fuels hos­til­i­ty, and hos­til­i­ty is turn­ing dead­ly. Yet Kennedy con­tin­ued, giv­ing inter­views that cast more sus­pi­cion on vac­cines and repeat­ing claims that embold­en con­spir­a­cy the­o­ries rather than calm them.[19]

Think about the dan­ger this cre­ates for sci­en­tists today: a real­i­ty where sim­ply pub­lish­ing find­ings or work­ing in a lab can make you a tar­get for vio­lence. This isn’t the first time sci­en­tists have faced mor­tal risk for their work. His­to­ry gives us a chill­ing prece­dent. In July 1941, dur­ing the Ger­man occu­pa­tion of Poland, the Nazi Squadron car­ried out what came to be called the Mas­sacre of Lwów Pro­fes­sors in what is now Lviv, Ukraine. Twen­ty-five Pol­ish aca­d­e­mics, pro­fes­sors, physi­cians, and sci­en­tists at Lwów’s uni­ver­si­ties were exe­cut­ed along­side fam­i­ly mem­bers and guests. Their only crime was belong­ing to the intel­li­gentsia, a class the regime saw as dan­ger­ous pre­cise­ly because it car­ried knowl­edge, cred­i­bil­i­ty, and influ­ence. These mur­ders includ­ed Pro­fes­sors, doc­tors, heads of depart­ments, and their fam­i­ly mem­bers, includ­ing their children.

The par­al­lel is stark. When polit­i­cal lead­ers and dis­in­for­ma­tion mer­chants scape­goat sci­en­tists, they don’t just weak­en research; they mark researchers as ene­mies of the state or of “the peo­ple.” In Ger­many, that brand­ing end­ed in fir­ing squads. In the Unit­ed States today, it has already end­ed in gun­fire at the CDC. The les­son is clear: silenc­ing sci­en­tists doesn’t always begin with ban­ning grants or delet­ing datasets. Some­times it starts with a speech, a rumor, or a con­spir­a­cy the­o­ry, until one armed believ­er decides that killing the mes­sen­ger will erase the message.

By NASA/J­PL-Cal­tech — https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/jpl/20201116/c1_meatball_on_saf-16.jpg, Pub­lic Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=96231655

The vio­lence in Atlanta did not hap­pen in a vac­u­um. Across the health agen­cies, the ground has shift­ed under the peo­ple we ask to keep us safe.

Addi­tion­al­ly, the U.S. gov­ern­ment is strip­ping thou­sands of fed­er­al health work­ers of col­lec­tive-bar­gain­ing rights, weak­en­ing the very pro­tec­tions employ­ees rely on when they’re reas­signed, tar­get­ed, or pres­sured to stay qui­et. Unions call it ille­gal; the depart­ment calls it focus. Either way, the mes­sage is unmis­tak­able: we will have less shel­ter if we speak up.[20]

Then there are the jobs. In the imme­di­ate wake of the shoot­ing, hun­dreds of CDC employ­ees received final ter­mi­na­tion notices, a wave of lay­offs that hol­lowed out pro­grams just as staff were plead­ing for pro­tec­tion. Inter­nal counts put the num­ber at about 600, while HHS employ­ees pub­licly warned that leadership’s rhetoric was mak­ing them targets.

As a side note, in recent months, near­ly 4,000 NASA employ­ees, over 20% of the agency’s work­force, have left under the administration’s so-called “Deferred Res­ig­na­tion Pro­gram,” shrink­ing the agency’s capac­i­ty just as cli­mate and Earth-obser­va­tion mis­sions are being shut­tered. Addi­tion­al­ly, twen­ty-three staff mem­bers were direct­ly ter­mi­nat­ed, and crit­i­cal depart­ments, such as the Office of the Chief Sci­en­tist and the DEIA branch, were shut down. These weren’t bud­getary stream­lines; they were delib­er­ate moves to hol­low out sci­en­tif­ic capa­bil­i­ty. At oth­er research agen­cies, such as the Nation­al Sci­ence Foun­da­tion, the Nation­al Ocean­ic and Atmos­pher­ic Admin­is­tra­tion, and the Insti­tute of Edu­ca­tion Sci­ences, the pat­tern repeats: grants are can­celed, stud­ies are halt­ed, expert staff are purged or reas­signed, and entire pro­grams are dis­man­tled. For those who remain, the check­point is clear: stay qui­et or risk irrel­e­vance, dis­place­ment, or worse.

Harass­ment is being indus­tri­al­ized, too. A “DEI Watch List” site has post­ed the names, pho­tos, and job titles of fed­er­al work­ers, many of whom work in health equi­ty, there­by tar­get­ing civ­il ser­vants and spark­ing a surge of threats. Employ­ees describe it as intim­i­da­tion by design; news­rooms traced it to a con­ser­v­a­tive non­prof­it with links across the move­ment.[21]

Acad­e­mia is feel­ing the same chill. When the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment politi­cizes grants, ter­mi­nates awards en masse, or labels top­ics “high-risk,” uni­ver­si­ty labs absorb the sig­nal: avoid cer­tain words, avoid spe­cif­ic ques­tions, avoid cer­tain fields, or watch our fund­ing dis­ap­pear. Major out­lets and schol­ar­ly sur­veys report wide­spread self-cen­sor­ship as researchers steer away from terms like “equi­ty,” “cli­mate change,” or even “gen­der” to sur­vive review. The result isn’t just few­er papers; it’s less truth in pub­lic.[22]

This is not a series of acci­dents. Put it togeth­er and we see a sys­tem that is weak­en­ing work­er pro­tec­tion, slash­ing posi­tions, pub­lish­ing watch­lists, and flood­ing the infor­ma­tion space with con­spir­a­cy and doubt. Some sci­en­tists remain qui­et to stay safe, while oth­ers leave. And some, like those at the CDC, face a dan­ger that begins online and ends at the office door. If we want the peo­ple who track out­breaks, run labs, and teach the next gen­er­a­tion to keep doing that work, we have to make it safe, on pay­roll, in pol­i­cy, and in pub­lic. Oth­er­wise, the loud­est voic­es won’t be the ones with the data. They’ll be the ones with the bullhorns.

We need those peo­ple who track pan­demics, probe our atmos­phere, under­stand ecosys­tems, and teach the next gen­er­a­tion to con­tin­ue doing that work. In that case, we must make it safe, not just polit­i­cal­ly, but insti­tu­tion­al­ly and per­son­al­ly. Oth­er­wise, the loud­est voic­es won’t come from those with the data. They’ll belong to who­ev­er holds the micro­phone, and no doubt that’s a dan­ger more pro­found than any sin­gle act of censorship.

So, before I con­clude, I want to scat­ter sev­er­al his­tor­i­cal red flags that serve as immi­nent warnings.

Clip­ping from “Vital Signs of the Plan­et” page at climate.NASA.gov, as post­ed on 31 Decem­ber 2023 By NASA, an agency of the U.S. fed­er­al gov­ern­ment — Vital Signs of the Plan­et / Under­stand­ing our plan­et to ben­e­fit humankind. climate.NASA.gov. NASA (31 Decem­ber 2023). Pub­lic Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=143263793

Red Flag Num­ber 1:

In the ear­ly 1600s, Galileo’s obser­va­tions chal­lenged the author­i­ty of the church. But the church did not out-cal­cu­late him. Instead, the church con­fined him and declared the mat­ter set­tled. They shut­tered the the­o­ry of helio­cen­trism, much like the Unit­ed States gov­ern­ment is delet­ing the data set so that we nev­er have to con­sid­er what the evi­dence shows. Cur­rent­ly, in the Unit­ed States, sci­ence isn’t being debat­ed so much as man­aged, muz­zled, and manip­u­lat­ed. Cli­mate satel­lites are being slat­ed for can­cel­la­tion, fed­er­al por­tals are going dark, and research grants are being screened and edit­ed for polit­i­cal com­fort. The tac­tic is the same across cen­turies: if gov­ern­ments con­trol the evi­dence, gov­ern­ments con­trol the truth; and by blind­ing the pub­lic, pow­er pro­tects itself at the expense of progress.

Red Flag Num­ber 2:

Uni­ver­si­ty speech codes dressed up as “bal­ance,” lists of sus­pect schol­ars, and loy­al­ty tests for cur­ric­u­la echo a dark­er prece­dent. And this is not new. In Nazi Ger­many, “unde­sir­able sci­ence” was purged, Jew­ish schol­ars expelled, and edu­ca­tors were mur­dered. These actions drained Ger­many of bril­liance, which in turn remade the world’s lab­o­ra­to­ries with­out Ger­many at their cen­ter. Tak­ing a page out of the play­books of Roman Emper­or Jus­tin­ian in the fifth cen­tu­ry and Adolf Hitler in the 1930s, the cur­rent restric­tive poli­cies and orders threat­en uni­ver­si­ties, acad­e­mia and sci­en­tists with fund­ing freezes unless they bend to ide­ol­o­gy and capit­u­late to his demands, as a result, like in Athens and in Nazi Ger­many, the Unit­ed States will risk a sim­i­lar ver­sion of the same mis­take. Our cur­rent admin­is­tra­tion is unset­tling the sci­en­tif­ic com­mu­ni­ty, dri­ving tal­ent away, and leav­ing dis­cov­ery, pres­tige, and the indus­try it fos­ters to oth­er nations.

Red Flag Num­ber 3:
Polit­i­cal med­dling in research pro­pos­als, black-list­ed words in grants, and “high-risk” top­ics that must be renamed to sur­vive review are not admin­is­tra­tive quirks; they are a method. And this is not new. Stal­in need­ed a yes man, and he found that in Trofim Lysenko and his the­o­ries of Lysenkosim. In 1948, the Sovi­et Acad­e­my of Agri­cul­tur­al Ser­vices, with Stalin’s full back­ing, offi­cial­ly declared Mendelian genet­ics and mol­e­c­u­lar biol­o­gy to be “bour­geois pseu­do­science.” As a result, text­books were rewrit­ten, cours­es in genet­ics were shut down, and uni­ver­si­ties were purged of biol­o­gy depart­ments. Stalin’s regime forced the edu­ca­tion of Lysenko­ism and replaced genet­ics with polit­i­cal­ly con­ve­nient fic­tions. These the­o­ries sab­o­taged crops and led to wide­spread famine, starv­ing sev­en mil­lion peo­ple. So, when­ev­er pol­i­cy dic­tates con­clu­sions, real­i­ty exacts a price and ulti­mate­ly cuts fund­ing. To equate this, let’s look at weath­er fore­cast­ing. The administration’s efforts to dis­man­tle the Nation­al Ocean­ic and Atmos­pher­ic Admin­is­tra­tion won’t keep the storms from com­ing. It will only make the mod­els worse and the des­per­ate­ly need­ed respons­es much too late.

Red Flag Num­ber 4:
Sci­en­tists and teach­ers brand­ed as ene­mies by talk-show rhetoric and par­ti­san feeds face a ris­ing tide of threats. And this is not new. Dur­ing China’s Cul­tur­al Rev­o­lu­tion, head­ed by Mao Zedong in 1966, sci­en­tists and oth­er intel­lec­tu­als were tar­get­ed, humil­i­at­ed, impris­oned, and per­se­cut­ed. Mao Zedong ordered the destruc­tion of his­tor­i­cal texts, intent on destroy­ing what he referred to as the “Four Olds,” which were old ideas, old cul­ture, old cus­toms, and old habits. This fright­en­ing­ly mir­rors Trump’s recent request, just a few weeks before the release of this pod­cast, to imple­ment over­sight into our his­to­ry through the defund­ing and restruc­tur­ing of the Unit­ed States muse­ums, includ­ing the Smith­son­ian. On social media, Trump not­ed that these muse­ums are “the last remain­ing seg­ment of WOKE.” Adding that he will “start the exact same process that has been done with col­leges and uni­ver­si­ties.”[23]  

So, like Chi­na, the Unit­ed States is fac­ing decades of progress that will van­ish with the peo­ple who could have brought us enlight­en­ment. When pub­lic health work­ers need secu­ri­ty details, when fac­ul­ty weigh per­son­al safe­ty against pub­lish­ing, we are flirt­ing with the same rule: pun­ish knowl­edge to prove pow­er. Every time sci­ence was shack­led, soci­ety paid the price in famine, war, or stag­na­tion. If the red flags of dan­ger con­tin­ue to serve as a valid warn­ing, this will soon be our new future.

Hunger in Rus­sia, a pic­ture tak­en in Bugu­rus­lan, 1921 — By Unknown author — Pub­lic Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29106331

THE CONSEQUENCES OF IGNORING THE RED FLAGS OF DANGER:
So what hap­pens when we ignore the red flags of dan­ger? What hap­pens when sci­ence is silenced? The past answers plain­ly: Galileo’s sup­pres­sion slowed astron­o­my; Nazi purges frac­tured Europe’s sci­en­tif­ic lead­er­ship; Stalin’s pseu­do­science caused famine; Mao’s per­se­cu­tions erased a gen­er­a­tion of exper­tise. The present is writ­ing its own ledger: delayed cli­mate action, weak­ened ear­ly-warn­ing sys­tems, stalled med­ical research, and an ero­sion of pub­lic trust that out­lives any one admin­is­tra­tion. If the Unit­ed States, still a nerve cen­ter for glob­al research, lets its sci­en­tif­ic engine seize, the shock waves do not stop at our bor­ders. Vac­cines are devel­oped more slow­ly, car­bon tar­gets slip out of reach, dis­as­ter plan­ning fails, and the world recal­i­brates around new hubs of dis­cov­ery. We have seen this movie before. It nev­er ends well, and it ends worse for those who arrive late to the truth. If you are on the out­side look­ing in on what is hap­pen­ing in the Unit­ed States, please note that we are not sim­ply debat­ing pol­i­cy dif­fer­ences; cur­rent poli­ciesare lit­er­al­ly devel­op­ing scorched-earth cam­paigns against knowl­edge itself.

His­to­ry doesn’t for­give soci­eties that burn their libraries, exile their sci­en­tists, or starve their uni­ver­si­ties. It remem­bers them for the dis­as­ters that fol­lowed. Every case we’ve walked through, Galileo gagged, schol­ars purged in Ger­many, genet­ics out­lawed in the Sovi­et Union, class­rooms silenced in Chi­na, starts with the same deci­sion: let pow­er rewrite the evi­dence. The price is always paid lat­er, by peo­ple who nev­er vot­ed for igno­rance but had to live with it.

Our coun­try is stand­ing on the edge of repeat­ing those mis­takes. Not with bon­fires in the town square, but with sub­tler tools: defund­ing labs, can­cel­ing satel­lites, clos­ing data por­tals, and putting pol­i­tics where peer review should be. The oli­garchy doesn’t have to erase the tele­scope if it can unplug it. The sys­tem doesn’t have to arrest the sci­en­tist if it can make the grant dis­ap­pear. And if a rul­ing body con­vinces the pub­lic that exper­tise is arro­gance and evi­dence is “just one opin­ion,” then silenc­ing becomes self-ser­vice. Peo­ple will soon stop lis­ten­ing even before cen­sor­ship starts.

Here’s the hard truth: if we allow this to con­tin­ue, the loss­es won’t be con­tained with­in cam­pus walls or agency hall­ways. They’ll show up at the hos­pi­tal dur­ing heat waves, in crop fail­ures and insur­ance pre­mi­ums, in missed can­cer tri­als and mud­dled cur­ric­u­la. What looks like a cul­ture war is actu­al­ly a capac­i­ty cri­sis. And capac­i­ty is the dif­fer­ence between a soci­ety that can antic­i­pate a storm and one that only digs out afterward.

So ask your­self: when your kids need an antibi­ot­ic that hasn’t been dis­cov­ered yet, do you want the lab that would have found it to be closed? When your town’s flood maps need to be updat­ed, do you want the data archived or delet­ed? When the next out­break comes, do you want sci­en­tists step­ping up to the micro­phone or step­ping back because the last one who spoke got doxxed? We are not spec­ta­tors; we’re authors. The next chap­ter is ours to write.

We’re on the brink. The ques­tion isn’t whether the stakes are high; it’s whether we will fight back, calm­ly, law­ful­ly, relent­less­ly, for the sim­ple prin­ci­ple that truth should be mea­sured, not managed.

So, what can you do? How can you get involved? Even if you are read­ing to this out­side of the Unit­ed States, please support sci­ence and defend research. Push back against igno­rance, because if sci­ence falls, we all fall. And here’s pre­cise­ly where you can start, today:

PROTECT SCIENTISTS AND ACADEMIC FREEDOM

Inter­na­tion­al­ly

Schol­ars at Risk

IIE Schol­ar Res­cue Fund

Unit­ed States

Union of Con­cerned Sci­en­tists (U.S.) – a watch­dog on sci­en­tif­ic integri­ty; report inter­fer­ence, sup­port protections

Pro­fes­sion­al soci­eties (join, fund advo­ca­cy, back ethics and integri­ty offices): 

Amer­i­can Asso­ci­a­tion for the Advance­ment of Science

Amer­i­can Geo­phys­i­cal Union

Amer­i­can Math­e­mat­i­cal Society

Amer­i­can Psy­cho­log­i­cal Association

Amer­i­can Chem­i­cal Society

DEFEND RESEARCH AND DATA

Pre­serve Vul­ner­a­ble Cli­mate And Health Datasets

Inter­net Archive

Cli­mate Mirror

Pub­lic Library of Science

eLife

arX­iv

Addi­tion­al­ly, con­sid­er donat­ing to unre­strict­ed research funds at local uni­ver­si­ties and med­ical cen­ters, which help keep labs run­ning when grants are frozen.

STRENGTHEN PUBLIC HEALTH

WHO Foun­da­tion

U.S. CITIZEN: CIVIC POWER WHERE YOU LIVE

  • Attend school board and city coun­cil meet­ings when cur­ric­u­la or cli­mate plans are on the agenda.
  • Back cam­paign-finance reformsand dis­clo­sure lawsthat reduce dark-mon­ey pres­sure on evi­dence-based policy.
  • Sub­scribe to and share local sci­ence jour­nal­ism; write op-eds when datasets vanish.
  • Join cit­i­zen-sci­enceprojects, such as iNat­u­ral­ist, eBird, Zooni­verse, and Foldit, and bring kids, neigh­bors, and class­rooms with you.

INTERNATIONALLY: CIVIC POWER WHERE YOU LIVE The fight for facts is bor­der­less, and so is the payoff.

  • Fund open-sci­ence platforms
  • Sup­port at-risk scholars
  • Vol­un­teer in cit­i­zen science
  • Press your own gov­ern­ments to safe­guard sci­en­tif­ic integri­ty and research budgets.

The fight for facts is bor­der­less, and so is the payoff.

We don’t need per­mis­sion to defend real­i­ty. We need habits. Pick one action tonight, send a note to your rep­re­sen­ta­tive, donate to a data archive, sign up for a cit­i­zen-sci­ence project, and then pick anoth­er tomor­row. History’s ver­dict is already writ­ten for those who silence sci­ence. Let ours be dif­fer­ent: a gen­er­a­tion that stood up for the peo­ple who mea­sure the world, so the rest of us could sur­vive it and make it better.


[1] Kas­sam, Ashifa. 2025. “‘The Amer­i­can Sys­tem Is Being Destroyed’: Aca­d­e­mics on Leav­ing US for ‘Sci­en­tif­ic Asy­lum’ in France.” Edu­ca­tion. The Guardian, July 5. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/jul/05/academics-leaving-us-scientific-asylum-france-trump.

[2] Casey, Michael. 2025. “Trump Admin­is­tra­tion Freezes $2.2 Bil­lion in Grants to Har­vard over Cam­pus Activism.” AP News, April 14. https://apnews.com/article/harvard-trump-administration-federal-cuts-antisemitism-0a1fb70a2c1055bda7c4c5a5c476e18d.

[3] Bhuiyan, Johana, and staff. 2025. “Har­vard Sues Trump Admin­is­tra­tion over Efforts to ‘Gain Con­trol of Aca­d­e­m­ic Deci­sion-Mak­ing.’” Edu­ca­tion. The Guardian, April 22. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/apr/21/harvard-sues-trump-administration.

[4] Pow­ell, Alvin. 2025. “Har­vard Won’t Com­ply with Trump Administration’s Demands.” Har­vard Gazette, April 15. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2025/04/harvard-wont-comply-with-demands-from-trump-administration/.

[5] Vasquez, Krys­tal. 2025. “8 Agen­cies to Ter­mi­nate $450 Mil­lion in Grants to Har­vard.” Chem­i­cal & Engi­neer­ing News, Jan­u­ary 21. https://cen.acs.org/policy/research-funding/8‑agencies-terminate-450-million/103/web/2025/05.

[6] Patel, Droov, and Grace Yoon. 2025. “HHS Freezes $60 Mil­lion in Fed­er­al Grants to Har­vard in Third Round of Trump Cuts | News | The Har­vard Crim­son.” May 20. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2025/5/20/hhs-60-million-cut/.

[7] Gra­cie, Car­rie. 2012. “Qin Shi Huang: The Ruth­less Emper­or Who Burned Books.” Mag­a­zine. BBC News, Octo­ber 12. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19922863.

[8] Bir­chak, Gabrielle. 2024. Hypa­tia: The Sum of Her Life. Birk­man Press, 125.

[9] The White House. 2025. “End­ing Rad­i­cal Indoc­tri­na­tion in K‑12 School­ing.” The White House, Jan­u­ary 29. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/ending-radical-indoctrination-in-k-12-schooling/.

[10] Meck­ler, Lau­ra, and Jus­tine McDaniel. 2025. “Edu­ca­tion Depart­ment Qui­et­ly Removes Rules for Teach­ing Eng­lish Learn­ers.” The Wash­ing­ton Post, August 20. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2025/08/20/education-department-english-learner-rules/.

[11] Holo­caust Ency­clo­pe­dia. n.d. “Indoc­tri­nat­ing Youth.” Accessed August 31, 2025. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/indoctrinating-youth.

[12] The Her­itage Foun­da­tion. n.d. “Her­itage Train­ing.” Accessed August 31, 2025. https://www.heritage.org/training.

[13] The White House. 2025. “Fact Sheet: Pres­i­dent Don­ald J. Trump Reforms Accred­i­ta­tion to Strength­en High­er Edu­ca­tion.” The White House, April 23. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-reforms-accreditation-to-strengthen-higher-education/.

[14] The White House. 2025. “Fact Sheet: Pres­i­dent Don­ald J. Trump Reforms Accred­i­ta­tion to Strength­en High­er Edu­ca­tion.” The White House, April 23. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-reforms-accreditation-to-strengthen-higher-education/.

[15] Borin­skaya, Svet­lana A., Andrei I. Ermo­laev, and Eduard I. Kolchin­sky. 2019. “Lysenko­ism Against Genet­ics: The Meet­ing of the Lenin All-Union Acad­e­my of Agri­cul­tur­al Sci­ences of August 1948, Its Back­ground, Caus­es, and After­math.” Genet­ics 212 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301413.

[16] “[Roll­back] Trump Signed Exec­u­tive Order Direct­ing Agen­cies to Revoke and Revise Agen­cies’ Sci­en­tif­ic Integri­ty Poli­cies – Envi­ron­men­tal and Ener­gy Law Pro­gram.” n.d. Accessed August 31, 2025. https://eelp.law.harvard.edu/tracker/epa-updated-scientific-integrity-policyagency-strategy/.

[17] Carti­er, Kim­ber­ly M. S. 2025. “NASA Plan­ning for Unau­tho­rized Shut­down of Car­bon Mon­i­tor­ing Satel­lites.” Eos, August 5. https://eos.org/research-and-developments/nasa-planning-for-unauthorized-shutdown-of-carbon-monitoring-satellites.

[18] Yoder, Kate. 2025. “Inside the Fed­er­al Government’s Purge of Cli­mate Data.” Vox, July 21. https://www.vox.com/climate/420289/national-climate-assesment-trump-administration-climate-science-data-purge.

[19] Lee, Chantelle. n.d. “Pub­lic Health Work­ers Crit­i­cize RFK Jr. After CDC Shoot­ing.” Accessed Sep­tem­ber 1, 2025. https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/public-health-workers-criticize-rfk-jr-after-cdc-shooting/ar-AA1KUdns?ocid=BingNewsSerp.

[20] Sto­bbe, Mike. 2025. “HHS Moves to Strip Thou­sands of Fed­er­al Health Work­ers of Union Rights.” AP News, August 22. https://apnews.com/article/hhs-cdc-unions-96ac80031b9c4da4d5f68e3c7fc8d156.

[21] Hell­mann, Melis­sa. 2025. “‘Real­ly Scary’: Rightwing Watch­list Found of Most­ly Black Fed­er­al Health Work­ers.” US News. The Guardian, Feb­ru­ary 6. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/06/black-health-federal-workers-watchlist.

[22] Hell­mann, Melis­sa. 2025. “‘Real­ly Scary’: Rightwing Watch­list Found of Most­ly Black Fed­er­al Health Work­ers.” US News. The Guardian, Feb­ru­ary 6. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/06/black-health-federal-workers-watchlist.

[23] CBC. 2025. “Trump Threat­ens Smith­son­ian Muse­ums in Esca­lat­ing Attacks on Social Media.” CBC News, August 19. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/trump-attacks-smithsonian‑1.7613175.

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